[INFO] IP Adresses explained

Every system connected to the Internet or connected to a particular network has a unique Internet Protocol Address of an IP Address. Just as in the real world every person has his or her own Home Contact Address, similarly every system connected to the Internet has its own unique IP Address. Your IP Address is the address to which data should be sent to ensure that it reaches your system. The IP Address of a system acts as the system’s unique identity on the net.

An Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) is a 32-bit address or number, which is normally written as four decimal numbers (of 8 bits each) , each separated from the other by a decimal.. This standard is known as the dotted-decimal notation.

Example: A Typical IP Address would be as follows: 202.34.12.23

It can be further broken down as:

202 representing the first 8-bits.

34 representing the next 8-bits.

12 representing the third 8-bits.

23 representing the fourth 8-bits.

Thus when considered together 202.34.12.23 represents 32-bits. So basically we can conclude that each decimal in an IP Address represents 1 byte or 8 bits. It is important to note than an IP Address can contain numbers from 0-255.

There are a huge number of IP Addresses in use in the present day . All these IP Addresses have some sort of relation with each other and each individual IP Address can reveal a lot of secrets about the Network, of which it is a part. Before we move on to that, we need to understand the fact that all IP Addresses being used are divided into a number of ranges, which are as follows:

Class Range

A 0.0.0.0     to 127.255.255.255

B 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255

C 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

E 240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255

So, we can easily conclude that one can find out the Class to which an IP Address belongs to simply by comparing the numeral before the first decimal of the IP Address with the above table.

For Example: In The IP Address 203.43.21.12, the number before the first decimal is 203 and the above table tells us that it belongs to Class C of the range of IP addresses

The various IP Addresses are divided into the different classes on the basis of the structure of their Network or in other words on the basis of what the various numbers separated by decimals actually stand for. To understand this, let us refer to the following:

Class Information

A It has the first 8-Bits for Netid and the last 24-bits for Hostid

B It has the first 16-Bits for Netid and the last 16-bits for Hostid

C It has the first 24-Bits for Netid and the last 8-bits for Hostid

D It represents a 32-bit multicast Group ID.

E Currently not being used.

The above table will be clearer after reading the following examples:

Examples:

An IP Address 203.45.12.34 belonging to Class A means that the network ID is 203 and the host ID is 45.12.34

If the Same IP Address belonged to Class B, then the network ID would become 203.45 and the host ID would become 12.34

And if it belonged to Class C then the network ID would become 203.45.12 and the host ID would become 34.

Almost all ISP’s prefer to use a Class B Network and some may use class C network. If that is the case then each time you login to your ISP, then the first 2 octets of your IP Address would not change, while the last two are likely to change. However, even if only the last octet changes, and the remaining three remain constant, it is likely that the ISP uses Class B addressing.

An IP Address, which belongs to the Class-A addressing system having a network ID equal to 127, is referred to as the special address. It is actually known as the Loopback Interface. It allows clients and servers on the same system to communicate with each other.

The loopback address, which is commonly used, is 127.0.0.1. Almost all systems have also given the loopback address the special name ‘localhost’.

An IP Address does not necessarily have to be represented in the dotted decimal form. There is more than a single way in which one can represent an IP Address. Some of there are as follows-:

1. Decimal System: If an IP Address is being represented in the Decimal system, then it means that it is being represented in the Base 10 system. The normal IP Addresses are represented in the Decimal System. Example: 216.115.108.245

2. Domain Name System: If an IP Address is being represented in the form of human recognizable characters and names then it is said to be in the form of DNS system. Example: www.yahoo.com

3. DWORD Format: DWORD is short for double word. It basically consists of two binary
“words” (or lengths) of 16 bits. However, it is almost always represented in the decimal number system i.e. having a base 10. Example: D8736CF5, which when represented in the form of a decimal number system with a Base 10 becomes 3631443189

4. Octal System: If an IP Address is represented in the octal system, then it means that it is being represented in the Base 8. Example: 33034666365

5. Hexadecimal System: If an IP Address is represented in the Hexadecimal System, then it is actually being represented in the Base 16 system.

6. A Cross Breed: If an IP Address is being represented in the mixture of any of the above two systems, then it is said to be a Cross Breed.

All the examples portrayed above are some form or the other of the same address of the same system. What I mean to say by this is that typing any of the following in your browser will take you to the same site

[TIP] Re-enable Task Manager

There is a registry key that will disable Task Manager, although it’s not always clear how or why it was set to disable. In many cases the problem is related to spy ware, so you should also scan your computer.

Open up regedit.exe through the start menu search or run box, and then navigate down to the following key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

On the right-hand side is a 32-bit REG_DWORD value named DisableTaskMgr with one of two values:

• 1 – Disable task manager
• 0 – Enable task manager

Just double-click and change the value to enable it, or even delete the key. The change should take place immediately.

Enjoyy!!!

[TRK] Notepad tricks, secrets revealed

You might be using Notepad since long but there are few tricks which are still unknown to you.

There few tricks which you can use in notepad. Well quite old but here is the complete collection

Step 1: Open Notepad
Step 2: Write following line in the notepad.

this app can break
Step 3: Save this file as anything.txt
Step 4: Close the notepad.
Step 5: Open the file again.
Voilla!!

or

1> Open Notepad
2> Enter four words separated by spaces, wherein the first word has 4 letters, the next two have three letters, and the last word has five letters
3> DON'T hit enter at the end of the line.
4> Save the file.
5> Close Notepad.
6> Reopen Notepad.
7> Open the file you just saved.
or  

1> Open a note pad
2> Type Bush hid the facts
3> Save that file,
4> Close it
5> Again open and see...

WORLD TRADE CENTER TRICK
Did you know that the flight number of the plane that had hit WTC ...on 9/11 was Q33N ....Open your Notepad in ur computer and type the flight number i.e Q33N... Increase the Font Size to 72, Change the Font to Wingdings. U will be amazed by the findings.


WHY?
The reason this happens:
In notepad, any other 4-3-3-5 letter word combo will have the same results. It is all to do with a limitation in Windows. Text files containing Unicode UTF-16-encoded Unicode are supposed to start with a "Byte-Order Mark" (BOM), which is a two-byte flag that tells a reader how the following UTF-16 data is encoded.

1) You are saving to 8-bit Extended ASCII (Look at the Save As / Encoding format)
2) You are reading from 16-bit UNICODE (You guessed it, look at the Save As / Encoding format)
This is why the 18 8-bit characters are being displayed as 9 (obviously not supported by your codepage) 16-bit UNICODE characters

LOG TRICK !!! Make your notepad a diary !!
Sometimes we want to insert current data and time, whenever we open the file in the notepad. If you are a lazy person like me, who don’t like to press F5 whenever you open a notepad. Then here is a trick to avoid this. Just add a .LOG in the first line of your text file and close it. Whenever you open the file with that text in the first line in the notepad, it will insert the current date and time at the end of the file. You can start entering your text after that.

[TIP] Installing Windows XP OS in 10-12 mins

I found that we can bypass the 40 minutes of time while we are installing Windows XP.

Hope you will like it...

We all know that after loading the file or copying the file from the boot disk to temporary space the system requires a first time reboot.

Now if we PRESS SHIFT+F10 then the task manager will open

Goto the processes tab and search the process "setup.exe"

Right click on it, set priority, and set it to "Realtime"
 

We are done!!!
Find ur XP getting installed in 10min with tolerance 2 min.

[TRK] Reveal password behind asterisk, using javascript

Want to Reveal the Passwords Hidden Behind Asterisk (****)?
Follow the steps given below-
1) Open the Login Page of any website. (eg. http://mail.yahoo.com)
2) Type your 'Username' and 'Password'.
3) Copy and paste the JavaScript code given below into your browser's address bar and press 'Enter'.
             javascript: alert(document.getElementById('Passwd').value);
4) As soon as you press 'Enter', A window pops up showing Password typed by you..!
This trick may not be very useful to get your own password, but hey, you know how to do it, and u never know when it might come handy. ;)
Note :- This trick may not be working with Firefox.

[TRK] Masquerading Your Browser

Here's a really cool trick to disguise your browser as another one......

I insist on using Mozilla Firefox, not bcoz m publicizing it, but bcoz its the best!!!

   alrigh, so here it goes,

When your browser requests a page from a Web server, the browser sends information about itself along with the request. Typically, this information includes the browser type (Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla, etc.), the browser version, and the underlying platform (Windows XP, Linux, Mac OS X, etc.). The server then uses this information to select an appropriate page format for the browser, since different browsers (and even different versions of the same browser) have varying incompatibilities in their support for HTML and JavaScript.

Sometimes the server misinterprets or fails to recognize this information and sends you an incorrectly formatted page. In rare cases, the server may even deny you access to its pages, whether it's for political reasons (you're using a browser that the site disapproves of) or because its pages have only been tested for use with specific browser versions. The solution is to fool the server by having your browser masquerade as another browser.

 HOW TO DO IT:

Open Mozilla Firefox, and in URL bar type

about:config

now add a new value

right click anywhere > select new > select string

"general.useragent.override"  as preference name (without quotes)

Then it asks for a string value

Heres what you got to enter to masquerading your browser

For Internet Explorer 6

 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)

For Internet Explorer 7

 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)

For Internet Explorer 8

 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1)

For iPhone 3.0

 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 3_0 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/528.18 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile/7A341 Safari/528.16

For Google Chrome v4.0.213.1 (For older version, replace the version in the value)

 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.213.1 Safari/532.1 

For Google BOT

 Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)

For MSN BOT 1.1

 msnbot/1.1 (+http://search.msn.com/msnbot.htm)

For Yahoo slurp

 Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Yahoo! Slurp; http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/ysearch/slurp) 

But this is a temporary method

Ones you close your browser, the settings goes off and your back to default 

Theres one more way around

There is a plug-in for Firefox which allows you to do is quickly

i.e. User Agent Switcher

It doesnt includes some latest browsers though like Google Chrome though

But they can be added up to it 

Heres a script to find out your browser's current UserAgent

javascript:document.writeln(navigator.userAgent) 

Some links

Mozilla Firefox (Browser) - http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/

User Agent Switcher (Plug-in) - https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/59

[INFO] Introduction to Greasemonkey

Never of heard of Greasemonkey before? No problem, I’ll tell you what it is. It is a Mozilla Firefox extension that allows Firefox users to install scripts that make quick changes to web pages. Greasemonkey can be used to add new functionality web pages and web sites like adding an HTML signature in Google, bypassing image verification in Orkut etc.

Ok, then the next step is to download and install Greasemonkey in Firefox. Download it from here. That’s it. Now, by installing Greasemonkey scripts related to your interest, enhance your browsing experience like never before.

[TIP] Shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

 Here is the Mouse shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

- Middle click on link (opens in new tab)
- Shift-scroll down (previous page)
- Shift-scroll up (next page)
- Ctrl-scroll up (zoom out page)
- Ctrl-scroll down (zoom in page)
- Middle click on a tab (closes tab)

Here is the Keyboard shortcuts for Mozilla Firefox

* Add Bookmarks - Ctrl + D
* Bookmarks - Ctrl + B
* Downloads - Ctrl + J
* Full Screen View - F11
* Help - F1
* History - Ctrl + H
* Page Source - Ctrl + U
* Print - Ctrl + P
* Refresh Page - F5
* Refresh Page & Cache - Ctrl + F5
* Save Page As - Ctrl + S
* Home Page - Alt + Home
* Jump to Address Bar - Ctrl + L
* Jump to Search Bar - Ctrl + K
* Page Bottom - End
* Page Top - Home
* Stop - Esc
* Tab Close - Ctrl + W
* Tab New - Ctrl + T
* Tab Next - Ctrl + Tab
* Tab Previous - Ctrl + Shift + Tab
* Tab Select - Ctrl + [1 - 9]

Happy browsing!

[TRK] Find if a friend is faking to be invisible on Yahoo

Sometimes some of your friends who appear offline in yahoo messenger may not be actually offline, they may in the 'Invisible' mode. This maybe if they are trying to ignore you or are too busy to talk to anyone.

There is this small trick that you can use to find out what the truth is.

Firstly open your yahoo messenger main window and double click on the name of the person whom you want to check. The chat window will open obviously.

Click IMVironment button, select See all IMVironments, select Yahoo! Tools or Interactive Fun, and click on Doodle.
After loading the Doodle imvironment there can be two possibilities

1.If the user is offline Doodle are will show this "waiting for your friend to load Doodle" continuously .See in the picture below:

2:If the user is online (but in invisible mode), after few seconds (it can take up to one minute, depending on your connection speed), you should get a blank page like in the picture below. So you know that the user is online.

[HACK] Skip Registering on sites a.k.a Faking as GoogleBot

So sometimes u r to lazy to login or u forget password and u quick need some information.

So good way is faking UA <- User Agent

For this you will need Mozilla Firefox (browser)

Type in URL bar following:
about:config
then u should see alot of options which can be changed
1cm down u will see "Filter:"

Type in box "useragent" without quotes
We need to change just
general.useragent.extra.firefox
Deafult is Firefox/x.x.x or something like that (which is you firefox version)(Note it down before changing it, and try not updating your firefox when the changes are on)

So how to bypass login on that websites?
just double click & type in that field

Googlebot/2.X

So websites will think u r google bot and allow u searching on website without login

After your work is done, you better change it back to normal, before google finds the glitch and patches it !!!
Best of luck!!

[TRK] Chattin Through Command Prompt

If u want personal chat vid a friend
you don't need to download any yahoo messenger
All you need is your friends IP address and Command Prompt.
Firstly, open Notepad and enter:
@echo off
:A
Cls
echo MESSENGER
set /p n=User:
set /p m=Message:
net send %n% %m%
Pause
Goto A

Now save this as "Messenger.bat". Open the .bat file and in Command
Prompt you should see:
MESSENGER
User:
After "User" type the IP address of the computer you want to contact.
After this, you should see this:
Message:
Now type in the message you wish to send.Before you press "Enter" it should look like this:
MESSENGER
User:27.196.391.193
Message: Hi
Now all you need to do is press "Enter" n start chatting...

[TIP] Get any serial u want

Get the serial number you need ! (For Certain Things)

* Go to Google.

* In the search field type: "Product name" 94FBR

* Where, "Product Name" is the name of the item you want to find the serial number for.

* And voila - there you go - the serial number you needed.

HOW DOES THIS WORK?

Quite simple really. 94FBR is part of a Office 2000 Pro cd key that is widely distributed as it bypasses the activation requirements of Office 2K Pro. By searching for the product name and 94fbr, you guarantee two things. 1) The pages that are returned are pages dealing specifically with the product you're wanting a serial for. 2) Because 94FBR is part of a serial number, and only part of a serial number, you guarantee that any page being returned is a serial number list page.

See these example searches:

"Photoshop 7" 94FBR

"Age of Mythology" 94FBR

"Nero Burning Rom 5.5" 94FBR

[TIP] How to remove Virus from USB Drives,manually

One of the ways by which a virus can infect your PC is through USB/Pen drives. Common viruses such as 'Ravmon' , 'New Folder.exe', 'Orkut is banned' etc are spreading through USB drives. Most anti virus programs are unable to detect them and even if they do, in most cases they are unable to delete the file, only quarantine it. Here are the things which you can do if you want to remove such viruses from your USB drives

Whenever you plug a USB drive in your system, a window will appear similar to the one shown here.

Take a look at this screenshot:

Don’t click on Ok , just choose ‘Cancel’. Open the Command Prompt by typing ‘cmd‘ in the run box. In the command prompt type the drive letter and : and press enter.

eg  I:

Now type

dir /w/o/a/p

and press enter.

This will display a list of the files in the pen drive. Check whether the following files are there or not

* Autorun.inf

* Ravmon.exe

* New Folder.exe

* svchost.exe

* Heap41a

* or any other exe file which may be suspicious.

If any of the above files are there, then probably the USB drive is infected. In command prompt type

attrib -r -a -s -h *.*

that is     attrib[space]-r[space]-a[space]-s[space]-h[space]*.*

and press enter. This will remove the Read Only, Archive, System and hidden file attribute from all the files. Now just delete the files using the command

del filename

eg del Ravmon.exe

Delete all the files that are suspicious. To be on a safer side, just scan the USB drive with an anti virus(if you have one) program to check whether it is free of virus or not. Now remove the drive and plug it again. In most of the cases, the real culprit turns out to be the “Autorun.inf” file which mostly gets executed when someone clicks Ok in the dialog window which appears above.

[TRK] Edit any web site...just for funn

Edit any web site (good one)
take any web page (eg google.com)
paste this code in address bar

javascript:document.body.contentEditable='true'; document.designMode='on';void0

thn press enter

now ......edit.....have funn......(this is not hacking)

[TIP] Correcting System Hang at Startup

If your system hangs about 2 or 3 minutes at startup, where you can't access the Start button or the Taskbar, it may be due to one specific service (Background Intelligent Transfer) running in the background. Microsoft put out a patch for this but it didn't work for most. Here's what you need to do:

1. Click on Start -> Run, type 'msconfig', then click 'OK'.
2. Go to the 'Services' tab, find the 'Background Intelligent Transfer' service, disable it, apply the changes & reboot.

This problem with the Background Intelligent Transfer Service should have been corrected in Windows update Q 314862, part of Service Pack 1.

[TIP] Make Windows Geniune

Have you ever faced problems while installing certain softwares like Internet Explorer 7/+, or Windows Media Player 11/+, may be because your copy of windows is not genuine

OK, here is a small trick to make your copy of windows genuine

Just copy the following code in notepad n save that notepad file as "anything.reg"
Now run that file n restart your pc
You are done !!!


Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\WPAEvents]
"OOBETimer"=hex:ff,d5,71,d6,8b,6a,8d,6f,d5,33,93,fd
"LastWPAEventLogged"=hex:d5,07,05,00,06,00,07,00,0f,00,38,00,24,00,fd,02

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion]
"CurrentBuild"="1.511.1 () (Obsolete data - do not use)"
"InstallDate"=dword:427cdd95
"ProductId"="69831-640-1780577-45389"
"DigitalProductId"=hex:a4,00,00,00,03,00,00,00,36,39,38,33,31,2d,36,34,30,2d,\
31,37,38,30,35,37,37,2d,34,35,33,38,39,00,5a,00,00,00,41,32,32,2d,30,30,30,\
30,31,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0d,04,89,b2,15,1b,c4,ee,62,4f,e6,64,6f,01,00,\
00,00,00,00,27,ed,85,43,a2,20,01,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\
00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,31,34,35,30,34,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,ce,0e,\
00,00,12,42,15,a0,00,08,00,00,87,01,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\
00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,94,a2,b3,ac
"LicenseInfo"=hex:9e,bf,09,d0,3a,76,a5,27,bb,f2,da,88,58,ce,58,e9,05,6b,0b,82,\
c3,74,ab,42,0d,fb,ee,c3,ea,57,d0,9d,67,a5,3d,6e,42,0d,60,c0,1a,70,24,46,16,\
0a,0a,ce,0d,b8,27,4a,46,53,f3,17

[TIP] Remove Windows Genuine Validation Notification

If your copy of windows is not genuine, and you happen to visit microsoft.com or install the automatic update - WGA Validation Tool (KB892130) and WGA Notifications (KB905474), then windows gives a nag screen on start up, and also gives random pop-up balloons. To make things worse, it removes your wallpapers, etc.
You have 30 days after this notification starts and after that you may have to re-install windows, if you do not fix it

OK, here are a few ways to fix that problem.

Method 1:
Step 1) Download RemoveWGA.exe tool and run it.
Step 2) It tell you if the WGA notification tool is active on your system
Step 3) Allows you to remove the WGA notification tool from your system
note-If the above download link doesnt work, you may also find the tool on softpedia.com click here

Method 2:
This ones a little tricky,but i like it, and prefer doing it this way
Step 1) Launch Windows Task Manager
Step 2) Go to Processes and look for wgatray.exe, select it and click on end process
Step 3) It will ask for confirmation, don't click on anything, wait
Here's the tricky part of it
Step 4) Now open C:\Windows\System32 and look for WgaTray.exe, select it, and then delete it.
Step 5) It will ask for confirmation to delete, wait
Step 6) Now align that end process confirmation box over the delete confirmation box.
Step 7) Click Yes on end process and then quickly press Yes on the deletion confirmation.
(You need to repeat this if you miss it)
Step 8) Lauch RegEdit(Start=>Run=>regedit)
Step 9) Browse to the following location: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify
Step 10) Delete the folder WgaLogon and all its contents
Step 11) Reboot Windows xp


That's it, you are done with it!